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Wet Gas Measurement Publications
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Wet Gas Flow Metering With Gas Meter Technologies  Download PDF
Steven, Richard,
9/1/2006, Ciateq 2006
Abstract:
Wet gas flow metering is a major challenge to the natural gas production industry and potential applications for wet natural gas flow meters have been growing rapidly since the early 1990’s. Many natural gas reservoirs that initially produce dry gas flows are becoming wet natural gas flows as the conditions in the reservoirs change as they age. Also, the desire to maximize the financial return of the existing off-shore infrastructure has led to increased use of wet gas production flow tie-backs so marginal assets that would not be financially viable if they required dedicated platforms of their own can be tapped by utilizing the existing platforms in the area. Furthermore, many on-shore natural gas production flows also have wet gas flows.
There has been considerable effort by the flow meter manufacturers to research and develop wet gas flow meters over the last decade. The aim of these state of the art wet gas flow meters is to meter the gas and liquid phases simultaneously. For the case of ”multiphase“ meters used with wet gas flow (where the industry generally uses the term “multiphase” to mean two-phase gas and liquid flow where there is more than one liquid component – which usually means natural gas, liquid hydrocarbon liquid and water) the aim of the designs are to meter the gas and each liquid component. However, although there are such meters on the market they tend to be expensive (relative to standard gas meters) and due to their relatively recent arrival on the market and the lack of independent data their performance is keenly debated at many conferences.
Wet Gas Measurement Download PDF
Joshua J. Kinney,
5/24/2005, International School of
Hydrocarbon Measurement 2005
Abstract:
In the natural gas industry, proper flow measurement is one of the key elements in providing accurate allocation of revenue. Natural gas may have some liquid content. This liquid may be water, hydrocarbons, compressor oil or a mixture of all three. When a flow meter is subjected to wet gas, large errors in flow measurement may occur with undesirable results to the bottom line. The intention of this paper is to introduce the reader to the difficulties associated with wet gas measurement and identify some techniques being used accomplish this. The content presented is not intended for wet gas measurement error correction. The first section gives a brief glossary of terms used when describing wet gas flow followed by a list of general equations associated with these terms. The next section gives descriptions wet gas flow regimes present in a horizontal pipe. Previous research conducted in a controlled environment is presented focusing on the effect of entrained liquids on various flow measurement devices. In addition, methods of wet gas flow measurement are discussed. Finally, general ideas about wet gas metering are discussed.
Wet Gas Measurement Download PDF
Tom Kegel,
7/1/2003, 4th CIATEQ Seminar on Advanced Flow Measurement
Abstract:
Wet gas is a flowing mixture of gas and liquid where the liquid makes up a small part of the mixture. The liquid can be made up of hydrocarbons and free water. This paper is intended to introduce the reader to wet gas flow measurement. First, some basic terms and flow features are presented. Second, a simple analysis of wet gas flow through an orifice meter is discussed. The discussion is supplemented with experimental data from a venturi meter. Finally, the difficulty in predicting phase behavior of wet gas systems is described.
Wet Gas Measurement Download PDF
Tom Kegel,
5/29/1999, International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement
Abstract:
When material flowing in a pipe is made up of a mixture of fluid phases the term multiphase is used to classify this type of flow. Multiphase flow comprises a broad range of applications in different industries. Some examples include gas bubbles in flowing liquid, solid particles carried by a gas, and the flow of two immiscible liquids. Often a flowing stream of natural gas contains some level of hydrocarbon liquid and/or water. This is a form of multiphase flow often called wet gas.
This paper is intended to introduce the reader to wet gas multiphase flow measurement. First, some basic terms and flow features are presented. Second, a simple analysis of wet gas flow through an orifice meter is discussed. Finally, the difficulty in predicting phase behavior of gas/condensate systems is described.
Wet Gas Metering at CEESI Download PDF
Tom Kegel and Joshua Kinney,
5/2/1999, 45th International Instrumentation Symposium
Abstract:
A wet gas test facility has been built at the CEESI site in northern Colorado. The test facility design and operation is described. The preliminary uncertainty analysis is summarized. Some system shakedown results are discussed.
Wet Gas Metering at CEESI Download PDF
Tom Kegel and Joshua Kinney,
5/17/1998, AGA Operations Conference
Abstract:
A wet gas test facility is under construction at the CEESI site in northern Colorado. The test facility design and operation is described. Preliminary system shakedown data are presented. Future plans are briefly discussed.
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